In orthotopic xenograft models, tumor cells are either implanted or injected into the equivalent organ from which the cancer originated. The orthotopic models have similar tumor microenvironment as the original tumor and are therefore deemed to more closely resemble the human tumorigenesis... Read more
The ability to manipulate tumor cells ex-vivo is in many ways essential to their utility as cancer models. Gastrointestinal cancer cells have the property of being able to form 3-dimensional spheroids in culture called organoids. Organoids preserve the molecular,... Read more
Flow cytometry is a laser-based technique used to detect and analyze the physical characteristics of cells. We use flow cytometry for immunophenotyping which is a laboratory method that detects the presence or absence of white blood cell markers called antigens... Read more
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the most common application of immunostaining. It involves the process of selectively identifying antigens (proteins) in cells of a tissue section by exploiting the principle of antibodies binding specifically to antigens in biological tissues. ... Read more
Immunofluorescence is a method of slide staining allowing for specific imaging of components of the tumor microenvironment. It works by pairing a secondary antibody that is linked to a fluorophore with primary antibody which binds to a target proteins.... Read more
The Zeiss Axioscan 7 is used to image the tumor microenvironment. It can create high resolution digital images of tumor tissue samples. The Axioscan presents an advantage over previous manual methods of microscopic imaging because it automates much of the imaging process, therefore... Read more